Archive for April, 2014

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Applications of bacteriological Incubators

April 15th, 2014
  • Culturing Microorganisms

This incubator provides a controlled environment that promotes the growth of microorganisms in various culture media. The first step in culturing a microorganism is obtaining a sample, whether it is saliva, blood or tissue. The sample is then placed in a culture media, such as a Petri dish, and is put into the incubator. Levels on the incubator are adjusted until temperature and humidity are similar to the organism from which the sample was extracted. Technicians monitor the growth and response of the cells in the petri dish.

  • Identify the causal Microorganism and developing the vaccines

In medicines such incubators are used to identify diseases causing microorganism taken from the patients. A sample of the patients (for whom the causal microorganism has to be identify) blood, sputum, mucus or other secretion is placed in a culture medium inside the incubator and after the microorganism in the sample has been multiplied they can be identify with greater certainty. Scientists identify harmful bacteria, develop vaccines and even create new organisms. A common application of this process is used when doctors perform a swab test for strep throat.

  • Industries

In different industries that include chemical, medical, pharmaceutical and in the biotech industry, application of this equipment is densely done (using Tissue culture).

Safety guidelines while using the bacteriological incubator

  • While using the incubator for tissue culture the door of incubator should not be open again and gain.
  • The shelves of the incubator should not be covered with aluminum foil. It may cause temperature control malfunction or an obstruction of air circulation.
  • Flammable substances are not permitted to be stored,they can be harmful.
  • Environmental conditions of the incubator for every application should be controlled properly.

Acmas technocracy is one of the leading manufacturers of Bacteriological incubator in collaboration with Weiber. Weiber bacteriological incubators are used worldwide and are manufactured from the highest quality stainless steel, and the exteriors epoxy powder coated, to give an exceptional lifespan with minimal maintenance. Weiber bacteriological incubator is available with digital temperature controller with thermocouple sensor for better temperature accuracy. They are insulated enclosures that are thermostatically regulated to maintain a constant temperature.

In Weiber bacteriological incubator; environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, can be             controlled        for growing bacterial cultures (37 degree c) which can be further use for identification of microorganisms and development of vaccines in case of causal organisms, hatching eggs artificially/providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction. These units are designed to satisfy a wide array of needs of any Research Laboratory for cultivation of bacteria and for facilitating biological test.

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Genetic Transformation and Laminar Air Flow

April 14th, 2014

Genetic transformation literally means change caused by genes, and involves the insertion of a gene (donor) into an organism (from recipient) in order to change the organism’s trait.

The process of transformation has certain common features:

  • The purified donor DNA is first transported across the cell membrane into the recipient “competent cells” (cells, that can take up DNA), and
  • The DNA then undergoes recombi­nation with the recipient DNA and is then expressed.

Genetic transformation is used in many areas of biotechnology.

  • In agriculture, genes coding for traits such as frost, pest, or spoilage resistance can be genetically transformed into plants.
  • In bioremediation, bacteria can be genetically transformed with genes enabling them to digest oil spills.
  • In medicine, diseases caused by defective genes are beginning to be treated by Gene Therapy; that is, by genetically transforming a sick person’s cells with healthy copies of the defective gene that causes the disease.

The main purpose of the Bacterial Transformation is to introduce a foreign plasmid into a bacterium and to use this bacterium to amplify the plasmid in order to make large quantities of this.

Bacteria can acquire new genetic information by three means:

  • Conjugation,
  • Transduction and
  • Transformation

During Conjugation, DNA is transferred directly from one organism to another, whereas in Transduction, the DNA is carried by Bacteriophages. And the Transformation includes insertion of naked DNA into bacterial cell with the help of different methods such as Electroporation and CaCl2 method etc.

But this Bacterial Transformation protocol should be done under aseptic environment so that no other bacterial genome can interfere with the genome of interest.

Maintenance of aseptic environment:

All culture vessels, media and instruments used in protocol must be sterilized. The importance is to keep the air surface and floor free of suspended particles and any other microorganisms. All operations are carried out in Laminar Air Flow, a sterile cabinet. Infection can be from

  • The air contains a large quantity of suspended microorganisms in the form of fungal and Bacterial spores.
  • The human body (a skin, breathe etc) carries several microorganisms.

Laminar Air Flow provides a work area with aseptic/sterile conditions. Laminar Air Flow has continuous displacement of air (it provides streamline flow of air) that passes through HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter that removes the particulates from the air.

Laminar Air Flow are equipped with a UV lamp that should be turned on about 10-20 minutes  before being used to sterilize the shell or cabinet or the surface of the Laminar Air Flow to avoid any kind of contaminations. Wipe down the surface with ethanol before and after each use.

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Autoclave Safe Practice for Body Piercing and Tattooing

April 12th, 2014

Autoclaves are the best means of sterilizing materials either before reuse or disposal. Autoclave uses moist heat for the sterilization of equipments by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C and 15 pounds of pressure per square inch depending for around 15–20 minutes on the size of the load and the contents.

This means that all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores are destroyed. Autoclaves work by allowing steam to enter and maintaining extremely high pressure for at least 15 minutes. Heat labile products cannot be sterilized using the autoclave e.g. plastics. There are some risks which are involved in operating an autoclave and can be harmful for any personnel.

Some risks involved in operating Autoclave are

  • Heat burns: caused by hot materials, and the autoclave’s walls or door.
  • Steam burns: These are caused by the residual steam which escapes from the autoclave, and materials upon completion of the cycle.
  • Hot fluid scalds: Just as it sounds, this is caused from boiling liquids and spillage in the Autoclave.
  • Risk of explosion
  • Hand, and arm injuries while closing the door.

Nowadays, it is recommended to use an autoclave at the body piercing shop and body tattoo shops too. All the equipments used for the piercing and tattooing should be autoclaved/sterilized before reuse because unsafe skin penetrations have the potential to spread deadly viruses such as hepatitis.

The main issues in making these activities safe for the operator/owner and the customer/client are:

  • clean premises
  • good operator hygiene
  • avoiding contamination of instruments and materials
  • using correct cleaning, disinfection and sterilization methods
  • Safe sharps disposal.

Some important points for reducing the risk of infection while doing body piercing or tattooing

  • Tattooing and piercing equipments should be sterilized using moist heat sterilization (Autoclave).
  • All the surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned after and before doing piercing and tattooing.
  • Sterilize equipments should never come into contact of used equipments or unsterilized equipments, this can be harmful.
  • Sterile equipments should be handled using sterile forceps.
  • Skin must be swabbed with chlorhexidine or 70% alcohol and allowed to dry for at least 60 seconds before penetration and for the penetration only sterilized equipments should be used as stated earlier.
  • If the area needs to be shaved a disposable or sterilized razor should be used.
  • If bleeding occurs, the client/customer should be asked to apply gentle pressure with a clean dressing and the area disinfected with an antiseptic such as Povidone

For More Information Visit – http://www.acmasindia.com/autoclaves/

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